Edward m



(No Model.) 2 sheets-Shet 1. E. M. KNIGHT.

FILTER.

No. 546,335. Patented Sept. 17, 1895.

INT/ENTOR WITNESSES AN UHEW BLRAHAM. PHOTO-UMG- WAGKKN ETON llc..

(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2. E. M. KNIGHT.

FILTER.

Patented Sept. 17,1895. jjj@ www [JV VENTOR zwaard M25@ zzz.

WITNESS E S 2136' Attorney Ammiw BAMMAMJNOTO-umo. WASH WON. n C

" NiTnD STn'rns EDWARD M. KNIGHT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FILTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent. No. 546,335, datedSeptember 1'7, 189 5. Application tiled May 15, 1895. Serial No.549,420. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD M. Kmonna citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Filters; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to filters generally, and particularly tothat class employing a brous or porous material, such asasbestes, as anessential feature of its bed; and my invention consists of the parts andthe construction, arrangement, and combination of parts forming thefilter, as I shall hereinafter fully describe and claim.

My invention has for its essential objects, first, an improved means forsecuring the asbestos under proper tension and providing a water-tightjoint around its edges; second, conning the edges of the asbestos sothat none of its fibers will project and thereby interfere with thesoldering of its frame in position or the parts of the frame to eachother, and, third, to provide a water-tight joint between the unfilteredwater-chamber and the pipe or outlet delivering into the filtered-waterreceptacle or chamber, with an improved means for locking thefilter-frame in position. These objects are attained by the employmentof the construction which I will hereinafter describe in connection withthe accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure l represents one form oflter embodying my invention, and showing the lterbed arranged forlateral filtration, and showing rectangular filter-frames. Fig. 2 is asimilar filter having circular lter-frames. Fig. 3 is a sectional viewof one of the filter-frames. Fig. l is an enlarged view of a portion ofone of the frame-plates removed, showing the asbestos sheet with itssurrounding binding strip or frame soldered thereto. Fig. 5 represents amodification. Fig.` 6 is an enlarged detail of the joint between thefilter and unfiltered water-chambers. Figs. 7 and 8 are modifications tobe referred to.

In carrying out my invention I may use any of the well-known forms offilters, whether vertically or horizontally disposed, and adaptedforvertical or lateral filtration, and whether connected with theservice-pipes or as a separate and independent portable filter. Itherefore do not Wish to be understood as limiting my presentimprovements to any particular form or class of filters.

In Fig. 1 I have disclosedoue of the improved filters intended to beused for lateral liltration and in which A is the vessel or chamberadapted to receive unfiltered water through its inlet a, which, ifdesired, may have a valve b controlled by a rising and falling float B,which automatically closes the valve and cuts off the iniow of Waterwhen the water has reached a certain level in the chamber. With` in thisunfiltered water-chamber I have removably suspended or secured afilter-frame (lwhich consists, essentially, of two side plates c and anintermediate body c', to which the side plates are secured, as bysoldering, the said frame being of any suitable materiale-say of heavysheet metal--with interior bracingpieces D extending from side to sideof the exterior frame and being perforated, so as to allow a freecirculation of water through all parts ot' the interiorot the frame, thesaid strips being about as wide as the depth of the frame from innerWall to inner wall, whereby when the side plates with their asbestossheets are placed in position and secured to the outer faces ot' thebody A of the frame the asbestos will be supported against the pressureof water against its outer faces.

rihe body of the frame A, Whether it be of round or rectangular form, isof an essentially box-form open at both sides and the plates or flangesc are soldered or secured to the open faces to complete the frame andadapt it for holding the water which has filtered through the sides ofthe frames when the asbestos sheets are in place.

In some of the known forms of filters using asbestos as a part of thefilter-hed a wovenwire backing has been used to stay or brace theasbestos and prevent its sagging under the pressure of the water againstthe opposite side. If desired, I may use such a backing, although I layno claim to the same at this time. In using this Woven-wire backing E ithas been the custom to place the asbestos sheet against the Woven-Wirebacking and fold the edges of the asbestos over the pro- ICO jectingpoints of the Wire and then bind the folded-over portion of the asbestosand the inclosed projecting points of the Wire With a strip of metalfolded over the same; also in some cases the asbestos has had its edgesfolded over an open-center frame. The ob jection to these arrangementslies in the fact that when thick asbestos has been used in connectionwith the Wire-cloth it formed such a bulky mass around the edges of thefilterframe that it Was almost if not quite impossible to clamp theusual binding strip or piece closely enough at all points to make theframe water-tight around its edges. There are always more or less smallopenings in said edges due to slight irregularities in the meeting facesof the side plates and the body of the filter-frame, and unlessanabsolutely tight joint is made at the edges the unfiltered Water will beforced through said small openings and contaminate the filtered WaterWithin the frame. Another objection has been that when the edges of theasbestos sheetwere over the edges of the open-center side plate of afilter-frame and bound by afolded piece,

as before described, small bunches or fibers of asbestos wouldprojectoutside of the edges of the binding-strip on the inner side ofthe plate and Would be in the path of the. soldering-iron used to solderthe meeting faces of the side plate and frame proper, and therebyinterfere with a perfect soldering of these parts at such points. Thiswas another cause of leakage around the edges of the filterframe. IViththe present improvements these objections are overcome, as thefilterframe is made, essentially, as follows:

The body of the filter-frame may be of square, rectangular, circular, orother form made of a piece of metal folded or bent to the desired shape,and the side pieces or plates have open centers and are adapted to besoldered or secured against the open faces of this body. I now take oneor more pieces or sheets of asbestos F and inclose the edges thereof ina surrounding frame G or bindingstrip of folded metal having anessentially U form in cross-section. This confines said edges andprevents any portions or fibers of the asbestos projecting about saidedges. I next clamp this frame G or binding-strip tightly upon saidedges and then place the frame or strip with its secured asbestosagainst the face of the platel c and solder it thereto by a line ofsolder along the bight of the folded strip Where it lies closely againstthe plate, and as there is no projection of asbestos fibers or otherwiseat this point I am enabled to complete the soldering in a very perfectmanner and secure an absolutely-water-tight joint between the meetingfaces of the binding strip or frame and the plate c, a similar effectbeing obtainable by soldering the opposite side of the plate c to thecorresponding face of the open intermediate frame c', which constitutesthe body of the filterframe.

t tension. clamped, so that its edges may make a tight In connectionWith the frame and asbestos sheet, as previously described, I prefer touse a Woven-Wire or other reticulated backing E. This backing may besecured in various Ways, dependent largely upon the form of filter used.

In the case of filters using perpendicular filter beds or framesintended for lateral filtration I prefer to first secure the 'Woven-Wire or reticulated backing directly to the side plates c, as bysoldering it to the face of l the plate or by securing it between theWails of t-he open center of the frame in any Wellknown'manner. `Ithenbind the edges of the asbestos, as before described, and secure thebinding frame or strip to theface of the plate c, so that the asbestoswill be backed and braced by the opposing Woven-wire or reticui latedsurface at its inner side.

Before securing the woven Wire to its plate or support I may first bindits edges, as shown at F in Fig. 5, and solder the binding-strip to ythe plate, or I may solder the raw edges of the Woven Wire to the plate,as shown at F2 in Fig. 4.

In using round frames or disks for vertical filtration I may constructthe parts as follows: I take a sheet of wire-gauze and cut it the propersize and shape, and over this I place a piece of asbestos of therequisite size and seW it to the Woven Wire, if preferred, after whichthe edges of both the asbestos and Woven Wire are bound by a bindingstrip or frame, as shown in the detail, Fig. 8.

In placing the asbestos sheet in position some care should be taken tosee that it is tightly stretched, so that it will not sag when in use.With the old and well-known form of frames using asbestos sheets as afiltering medium it was difficult to do this, as the edges could not beheld tight enough to prevent slippage. In the present construction Iaccomplish the desired results and overcome the former objections byproviding the binding j frames or strips G with points or tongues h,

arranged in any suitable manner and at apl propriate points, and adaptedto engage and enter the fabric to hold and stretch the same.

A desirable Way of forming these tongues or points is to form themintegral with that portion of the binding-strip which is to be foldedand to slightly curve the points, so that when the asbestos is laid onthe strip and the latter is folded over the edges thereof the pointswill be forced into the asbestos and will in turn be bentv and lockedthereto by reason of their action against the opposing side of thestrip. This action also results in drawing the asbestos more tightly andholding it under The binding-strip is then tightly joint, as beforedescribed.

The side plates o may receive the folded binding-frame with its asbestossheet, as shown in Fior. 3 and as first described, or the asbestos maybe laid directly against the side plate and the edges of this latterplate IOO IXO

folded over the edges of the asbestos, as shown in Fig; 5, in whichlatter instancethe folded portion of the plate will be formed orprovided with the penetrating-points 7i', for the purposes beforedescribed.

In the form of filter shown in Fig. l a tubular stay S passes throughthefilter-frame and its contained bracing-frame D and is suitablysecured thereto. This tube has openings Z through it inside of theframe, through which the filtered Water may enter the tube and finallybe discharged into the filtered-water chamber. To the lower end of thistube is fitted a disk or plate e with a rubber or other packing stripftted to it.

In the outlet-opening between the ltered and unfiltered water chambersis fitted a sleeve orshort tube H, around the upper face of which isformed an annular rib g, forming an edge against which the rubber orother packing stripf is forced to make a tight joint at this point.

The rod I is secured to a spider or cross-bar m in the sleeve or tubeI-I and extends upwardly through the disk e and tubular stay S and isthreaded at its upper end to engage a nut L, whereby when the nut isadjusted it bears upon the tube and causes the latter toforee the packing-stripf closely against its sharp-ed ged seat g. This construction ismuch more desirable than those forms employing ground-joints between thetubular stay and sleeve or socket, for the reason that no extreme careneed be exercised in fitting the parts, and the same lterframe with itstubular stay and connections may be applied to other forms and sizes oftilters employing the sleeve with its sharp-edged scat Withoutditiiculty, thereby making the parts interchangeable, a featureimpossible, as I have found from practical experience, when using theground-joints before noted.

The lter as thus described is simple in its construction and rapid inits operation. It is composed of few pieces and the joints are so madethat leakage of unfiltered Water into the filtered Water is prevented,thereby insuring clear ltered Water at all times.

In Figs. 3 and 6 the sleeve or short tube II,

which forms a seat for the packingf, and the discharge for the filteredwater are shown as dischargingthrough the bottom of the tank or vessel,and has fitted to it a valve-controlled dran-olli pipe or nozzle M. Thisarrangement may be modified-fory instance, as shown in Fig. 7, in whichthe sleeve or tube Il is closed at the bottom and is cast or formedintegral with a lateral extension or pipe H, adapted to pass through theside of the tank or vessel and having a draw-off faucet I-I" fitted toits outer end. This Will be the preferred construction in manyinstances. The tube or sleeve I-I or il may be of conical or taperingform or with straight and parallel sides, as desired.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a filter, an open center filter frame, in combination with anasbestos sheet or strip and a binding strip or frame inclosing the edgesof the asbestos sheet or strip, and clamped thereto, said binding stripor frame and open center frame being fitted face to face and secured oneto the other, and said open center frame having a Woven Wire backingsecured directly to it in contradistinction to the binding strip orframe which clamps the asbestos sheet.

2. In a filter, an open center frame forming a chamber for filter Water,and a tank or vessel for unfiltered Water, in which the said frame isplaced, in combination with sheets of asbestos fitted against orproximate to the open faces of the frame, a binding strip or frame ofUshape, in cross section inclosing the edges of the fabric and havingits side face secured to the adjacent face of the open center frame toform a Water-tight joint, and a reticulated plate behind the asbestossheet and secured permanently to the open center frame, incontradistinction to the frame or strip which carries the asbestossheet.

3. In a filter, an open center frame forming a receptacle for filteredWater, and having a Woven Wire or reticulated backing secured directlyand permanently to it, anda tank or vessel for unfiltered Water, inwhich said frame is secured in combination with a filter bed placedcontiguous to the open sides of the frame, and consisting of a sheet ofasbestos having its edges inclosed and bound by a frame or binding stripof U-form in cross section, adapted to lie fiatwise against the outer orexterior face of open center frame.

4. In a filter, a filter frame, in combination with means for securingafabric thereto consisting of a folded frame or strip binding the edgesof the fabric, and having point-s or tongues adapted to engage and enterthe fabric to secure the same and hold the same under tension saidbinding frame being fitted to the filter frame.

5. In a filter, a filter bed composed, essentially, of asbestos orfabric, and a frame or strip surrounding and inclosing the edges of thesame and having bendable points or tongues to engage the fabric andsecure the same under tension.

t3. In a filter, the combination, of a frame supporting a filter bed andadapted to serve as a chamber or vessel for filtered Water, an exteriortank or vessel for unfiltered Water, and means for securing the filterframe withn in said tank comprising a stay or tube passing into thefilter frame and having perforations or openings through which thefiltered water passes, a discharge for filtered Water, having a raisedrib forming a seat, a packing on the lower end of the stay or tubeadapted to form a tight joint With the rib, and means for maintainingsaid joint consisting of a fixed. rod projecting upwardly from saidoutlet and through the stay or tube and an ad- IOO IIO

alV 546,335

justng nutenI the rod adapted to bear upon the stay or rod to force itspacking tightly against the seat and form a Water tight joint.

7. In a filter, the combination, of a tank or Vessel for unfilteredWater, a filter frame having means for filtering the Water, sustainedWithin the tank 01' Vessel, a discharge pi pe or tube in the tank orVessel having an integral lateral extension projecting through a Wall ofthe tank, a hollow tube passing through the iilter frame havingperforations through which filtered Water passes to the interior of thetube, a packing strip or piece on the lower

